Boiler.



No. 797,038. PATENTED AUG. 15, 1905.

e. M. WINGARD.

BOILER.

APPLICATION mum JAN.16, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ANDREW. B. GRAHAM cc\ mum-wmmmins. wnsummon, n a

PATENTED AUG. 15, 1905.

G. M. WINGARD.

} BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.16, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

uwwtom:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BOILER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 15, 1905.

Application filed January 16, 1904. Serial No. 189,284.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. WINGARD, of Easton, in the county of Talbot, State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers, of which the following is acomplete specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

The object of my invention is to produce an improved boiler, preferably of the pipeboiler class, for the generation of steam as a source of power, which, besides'being in its preferred form of embodiment of novel and advantageous construction, affords within its principle a variety of advantages, among which may be enumerated the following: first, in a pipe-boiler an abundant volume of Water; second, in a pipe-boiler an adequate supply of water in full communication with the boiler, but removed from the steam-generative portion thereof; third, an adequate water-supply in full communication with, but separated from, the steam-generative portion of the boiler and located in flanking walls about the' boiler; fourth, a boiler provided with a main grate and a superimposed ancillary grate for the promotion of combustion or the accommodation, respectively, of different kinds of combustibles; .fifth, a pipe-boiler provided with a plurality of independent combustion-chambers; sixth, a boiler provided with a plurality of independent combustionchambers arranged in order one above the other; seventh, a boiler provided with a plurality of combustion-chambers arranged one above the other and extending, respectively,

entirely through the boiler from front torear; eighth, a sectional pipe-boiler whose sections are copulate exclusively through its manifolds.

Such features enumerated above or not as enter into my invention will be hereinafter specified in detail, and succinctly set forth in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I is a side elevation of one form of embodiment of my invention. The form illustrated is of the traction-engine type, with one side of the casing removed. Fig. His a front elevation of the subject-matter of Fig. I, and Fig. III is a view similar to Fig. II with the front wall removed and exhibiting in end elevation the boiler proper.

Referring to the numerals on the drawings, land 2 indicate the lower manifolds, and 3 an upper manifold with which I prefer to provide each section of my boiler.

The boiler shown in Fig. I is made up of four sections and therefore has in addition to the manifold-section 3 manifold-sections 4, 5, and 6, which when being united one to the other are collectively coupled to the manifold 3 and constitutean extension thereof. Said figure also shows three additional sections 8, 9, and 10 coupled to the section 2. The sections 9 and 10 being incorporated with boiler-sections of more limited vertical extent than thoseaccommodated by the sections 2 and 8, the sections 9 and 10 cannot be coupled directly to the sections 2 and 8, but are nevertheless coupled, though indirectly, as by a coupling-pipe 11. It may be observed, for the sake of clearness, that the sections 2, 8, 9, and 10, with the coupling-pipe 11, seen on one side of the boiler, as illustrated in Fig.1, have their counterparts upon the opposite side of the boiler. (Represented by the manifold 1,,shown in Figs. II and III.) The indirect copulative means represented by the couplingpipe 11 having been referred to, it is proper to specify that the various manifolds not directly copulated are indirectly copulated, and that each section of my boiler is copulate exclusively through its manifolds either directly or indirectly. Any suitable means for directly copulating the manifolds may be employed-such, for example, as the riveted rimflanges 14 and 15,'united by the usual ring of rivets 16. (Illustrated in Fig. Iof the drawings.)

It having been specified that my boiler is in its preferred form ofembodiment a sectional boiler and suggested that sections of different altitude are shown in Fig. I, it appears suflicient to specify, by way of example 'of the general structure of such form of embodiment of my invention, the means by which the manifolds 1, 2, and 3 are operatively assembled into a boiler or boiler-section. comparison of Figs. I and III, it is specified that each of the manifolds l and 2 is united with the manifold 3 by a pipe 17 and 18, respectively, each pipe being provided, as required, with a suitable screw-nipple connection, such as is indicated by the referencenumeral 19. Each side of the manifold 3 is provided with as many pipes 17 and 18, located at required distances apart, as the longitudinal extent of the manifolds 1, 2, and 3 will accommodate. The several pipes are preferably parallel, except the foremost pipe shown in Fig. I of the drawings, there spe- Proceeding accordingly, and upon cially designated by the distinctive numeral 20, which is preferably deflected at its opposite ends to fill the space between the forward end of the boiler and the front wall 21 thereof. Each of the pipes 17 and 18 is preferably bent so as to pass across and by preference back and forth from side to side of the boiler, or, in other words, between vertical planes parallel and adjacent to the longitudinal axes of the manifolds 1 and 2. The grate 2'3 of the boiler being located in proximity to the manifolds 1 and 2, and preferably just elevated above the same, and the series of pipes 17 and 18 being separated by suitable spaces, the bick-and-forthor sinuous disposition of the pipes 17 and 18 affords in their sinuosi'ty meansof fully utilizing the heat of the prodnets of combustion, which, rising from above thegrate 23, may be caused to comeinto contact substantially with the entire length of each of the pipes 17 and 18. In such view of my invention the number and character of sinuosities of the pipes 17 and 18 is variable; butI prefer to provide each of the pipes 1 7 and 1 8, as shown in'Fig. III, with an approximately rectangular bend 25 and 26, respectively, and with a plurality of return-bends 27 and 28 for each of said pipes. The number of returnbend s may be one or more, three for each of the pipes 17 and 18 being illustrated in Fig. III of thedrawings and two being illustrated in the abbreviated boiler-sections shown in Fig. I thereof. When my boiler is constructed with one or more pairs of return-bends in addition to the rectangular bends 25 and 26, I provide by that means a series of superposed independent combustion-chambers, of which the pipes 17 and 18' collectively form the roof and the grate, respectively, of each one above the main grate 23. Each combustion-chamber preferably extends the entire length of the boiler, although such extent may be in part dispensed with, as shown, for example, in Fig. I of the drawings. Each combustionchamber being provided with its own door 30, 31, 32, and 33, as shown, for example, in Figs. I and II of the drawings, is independent of its fellow both as to fuel and air supply, and within each independent combustion may be supported, so that each of said independent combustions may contribute its quota of heat toward the firing of the boiler. On the other hand, it is practicable and ordinarily economical to heat the entire boiler by a single fire carried in the main grate 23, and when so heated the boiler is preferably pravided with a baffle 35, (see Fig. 1,) whereby the passage of the products of combustion is retarded and deflected from the line of direct egress or communication with the ordinary stack, with which, of course, the boiler is assumed to be provided. A fifth door, or pair of doors 34:, is illustrated in Fig. II of the drawings for affording access to the ash-pit under the main grate 23;

the manifolds 1 and 2, respectively.

In the foregoing language I have specified the constituents of myboiler so far as absolutely essential. To the elements referred to may be added as preferred accessories a steam-dome 37 of any suitable shape, dimensions, and disposition, connected with the upper manifold, as by a pipe or pipes 38, a pair of return-pipes 39 and 40, which preferably unite the manifolds 10 and its counterpart 41, respectively, (see Fig. I1T,)with' the upper manifold'of the rearmost section of the boiler-that is to say, in the present instance the manifold 6 and blow-offs 463, of which one is shown in Fig. I. I, however, contemplate the employment and incorporation with my boiler of a specially-spaced and preferably inclined ancillary grate made up of water tubes or pipes incorporated with the boiler. To that end I providesubmanifolds 45 and 46, 'closely communicating, respectively, directly or indirectly with the manifolds 1 and 2 at one end of the boiler and with the manifold 3, or, as shown in Fig-I of the drawings, with the extension 6 thereof at the other end of the boiler. The means of communication shown in the drawings between the submanifolds and the lower and upper manifolds of the boiler are indirect, being represented in the one instance by short pipe-sections 18. and 4:9and in the other by the pipe connection 50. The submanifolds45 and 46 are operatively-that is, communicativelyconnectedby a series of grate-pipes 51, which at the same time constitute pipes of the boiler and tubular water-filled bars of the ancillary grate. pipes 51 is preferably located inthe lowermost combustion-chamber of the boiler and preferably inclined upwardly from the submanifo-ld 45, above the grate 23. I prefer to make the spaces between the grate-pipes 51 comparatively wide and wider than the spaces between the bars of the grate 23 in order to specially accommodate the ancillary grate to one of its twofold functions, hereinafter referred to.

A serious objection to pipe-boilers generally is sustained in the comparatively limited water-space afforded in the assemblage of pipes constituting a pipe-boiler proper. To overcome this objection, I provide one or more reservoirs not only in communication with the boiler, but removed from the steamgenerative portion thereof. The tanks 53 and 54 answer this description, being connectedas by steam-pipes 55 and 56, respectively with a valve-controlled pipe 57, communicating with the steam-space of the boiler or preferably the steam-dome 37 at one end and by valve-controlled pipes 59 and 60 with The steamrpipe may connect with the valve-shell 64:, with which the pipes55, 56, and 57 connect. Each of the pipes 59 and 60 is preferably provided with a check-valved intake 61 and 62. By this arrangement the Water The grate-section of the in the reservoirs 53 and 54 is under full boilerpressure, and though, being separated from the steam-generative portion of the boiler, they do not rob the boiler of any of its advantagesas a quick heater, for example yet they afford a water-shpply limited only by the capacity of the reservoirs. In a broader aspect of my invention it is suflicient.

and 54 are illustrated in the drawings, wherein they appear as extended rectangular hollow structures (compare Figs. II and III with Fig. I) which inclose and protect the opposite sides of the boiler proper. They may be incorporated with or placed in close juxtaposition to the boiler case or sheath 65, which in the usual manner envelops and protects the boiler proper. The sheathing illustrated is represented as sheet metal; but of course in boilers of the stationary type other sheathing may be employed at will.

When the reservoirs 53 and 54: are constructed and disposed as above described and illustrated, they perform the double function of protecting the boiler proper and of deriving heat therefrom to raise the temperature of the water which they contain, which is a gain of considerable economical advantage.

The operation of my boiler and the advantages accruing from its composition and structure have been fully specified in general terms in the specification of the structure itself; but special reference to the twofold function of the ancillary grate is reserved to consideration at this juncture. It has been specified that the ancillary grate is located on an incline above the main grate 23 and that the tubular water-filled bars or pipes 51 of the ancillary grate are spaced at greater distances apartthan the spaces between the bars of the grate 23. In respect to such relative spacing of the pipes 51 the object is to provide for the separation of large and small particles of coalfor example, in firing the boiler from the grate 23. The smaller particles go directly to feed the fire in the grate,

while the lump-coal is supported by the ancillary grate above the fire in the grate 23. Consequently the fire in the grate 23 is automatically fed by disintegration of the lumpcoal under the action of the heat, its particles dropping down upon the fire beneath, where it is consumed. It is well understood that a considerable supply of lump-coal fed directly to a furnace or mass of burning combustibles tends temporarily to check combustion and reduce the heat of the fire. By the employment of my ancillary grate the degree of care necessary to firing the furnace may be considera bly diminished Without material diminution, even temporary, of the heat of the boiler. Again, my ancillary grate, in conjunction or without conjunction with the supplemental combustion-chambers formed by the sinuosities of the pipes 17 and 18, as above specified, as well as such supplemental combustion-chambers in themselves without reference to the ancillary grate, affords means for burning certain kinds of fuel which under certain conditions and for certain uses it is desirable to burn, but which cannot be consumed in the ordinary boiler-furnace. 1 refer, for example, especially to straw as fuel, it being very desirable and economical in traction or threshing engines, for instance, to use that fuel, which is in great measure a refuse product oft-he operation of the machine and is in the handiest and most abundant supply. The wide spacings between the pipes 51 and the spacing between the respective pipes 17 and 18, which surround the pipes 51 on three sides, and the unobstructed longitudinal extent of the several combustion-chambers of my boiler severally and conjunctively contribute to the success of my boiler as a practical straw burner. I use the term straw-burner to typify a boiler adapted for the practical consumption of any light or refuse fuel like straw.

What I claim is I 1. A pipe-boiler provided-with a plurality of independentcombustion-chambers, and means for promoting independent combustion therein, respectively.

2. A boiler provided with a plurality of independent combustion-chambers arranged in order, one above the other, and means for promoting independent combustion therein, respectively.

3. A boiler provided with a plurality of independently-operative combustion-chambers arranged one above the other, and extending respectively entirely through the boiler from front to rear.

4. A pipe-boiler comprising a series of pipes arranged upon opposite sides of the boiler and disposed so as to pass across back and forth from side to side of the boiler, thereby-forming sinuosities which define a plurality of combustion-chambers.

5. A pipe-boiler consisting of lower manifolds and an upper manifold, and a series of pipes connecting the lower manifolds respectively and the upper manifold, said pipes passing across from one side of the boiler to the other, back and forth, to form by their sinuosities a plurality of combustion-chambers.

6. The combination with a pipe-boiler, of submanifolds incorporated therewith, and pipes connecting the submanifolds, said pipes being inclined andspaced to form a grate.

7. The combination with a pipe-boiler, of submanifolds incorporated therewith, pipes connecting the submanifolds, said pipes being inclined and spaced to form an ancillary grate,

and a main grate located beneath the ancillary grate.

8. The combination with a pair of lower manifolds, an upper manifold, and series of pipes connecting the lower manifolds respectively and the upper manifolds, of a submanifold connecting the lower manifolds, a second submanifold communicating with the upper manifold, and a series of pipes connecting the submanifolds.

9. The combination with a pair of lower manifolds, an upper manifold, and series of pipes connecting the lower manifolds respectively and the upper manifold, of a submanifold connecting the lower manifolds, a second submanifold elevated above the first submanifold communicating with the upper manifold, and pipes connecting the submanifolds.

10. The combination with a pair of lower manifolds, an upper manifold, and series of pipes connecting the lower manifolds respectively and the upper manifold, of a submanifold connecting the lower manifolds, a second submanifold communicating with the upper manifold, and a series of pipes connecting the submanifolds and passing through the space inclosed by the series of pipes which connect the lower manifolds and upper manifold respectively.

11. In a boiler the combination with a section consisting of a pair of lower manifolds, an upper manifold, and series of pipes conneoting said manifolds, of a second corresponding section, and means of uniting the sections into an operative unit by union of the respective manifolds.

12. A boiler, consisting of the combination with a pair of lower manifolds, an upper manifold, and connecting series of pipes, of reservoirs having pipe connection with the lower manifolds respectively, and boiler-pipe connection with the upper manifold.

13. A boiler, consisting of the combination with a pair of lower manifolds, an upper manifold, and connecting series of pipes, of reservoirs having pipe connection with the lower manifolds respectively, and boiler-pipe connection with the upper manifold, said reser voirs being so disposed as to constitute flanking walls for the boiler proper.

14. The combination with a pipe-boiler, of hollow flanking walls which inclose and protect the sides of the boiler proper, and means of circulation through the boiler, including as a part said hollow flanking walls, whereby the advantages of quick steam production are secured in connection with an ample water-supply.

In testimony of all which I have hereunto subscribed my name.

GEORGE M. WINGARD Witnesses:

W. S. WILSON, CHAS. W. ADAMS. 

